簡要描述：The G protein-coupled receptor TGR5 is a 330-amino acid protein that is almost universally expressed in human tissues including heart, skeletal muscle, spleen, kidney, liver, small intestine, placenta, and leukocytes, but not in brain, colon (without mucosa), thymus, or lung. TGR5 is sensitive to bile acids and responds through a significant mechanism that coordinates energy homeostasis. Bile acids activate mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinase pathways, specifically induce TGR5 internalizat